On Indigenous Knowledge

Tagged illiterate but full of wisdom and skill
Lives with his own hand and an independent
Enterpreneur of micro economics boss of oneself
The state counts him in the list of illiterates

Had there been school nearby the master of all
No school near his village neither money for tuition
Teacher of his son and the student of his father
Curriculum of culture and the books of bamboos

Everyday his exams starts allways formative test
Different designs and styles he creates in every item
What else does he need more than this
There is a world why he needs English

A senseless poem

Abashed he is because of her aberrant behaviour
Abeted by his friend who are lack of acumen
Acquiesced to his parents but seems adamant
With her as he found her sauntering with a man

Who once admonished that with great adversity
He tied an affinity with her and ready to give aegis
On the pretex of forging an unplatonic tie with alacrity
An unprecedented anathema in his life he is reiterating

Everyone that not to grapple the girl in an artificial way
Try to show your real cachet no matter whether someone
Says you a bucolic guy or a callow who lives a simple life
But never capitulates neither castigated but a cathartic,
Precocious and who is able to mesmerize who flounder
Who are lynching in the stronghold of love and beauty

The last breath is your death

Ephemeral you are why do you come
If I have to lose rather I don't want
Death is apt rather that tiresome dying
Intelligent beasts why are you flying

Months have past just longing for you
But at the end everything goes into mist
Few are humans in the crowd of wilds
Grazing accross the ocean beyond my fields

The world is already there what a farce
You are making in the name of research
Ultimate truth ends in the death
A nice comedy I feel in your breath

Many died on this stage and more on the line
This is your time act in the best way
You will get the prize in the final breath
And the last breath is nothing but your death.

Doing my best for the dreamland

At a distacne land near about 7 thousand kilometers
Somebody calls with a sweet voice hello Kapil Bhai
Congratualting for the progress writes me a long letter
Appreciates the beauty of the nature and wishes for the better

Gives the list of geneology and sorry for the father's leave
Hopes to return back in the great festival Dashain
Loves more to his motherland and very nostalgic feeling
Comes from his words and then I remember his smiling

More are there and many more are trying for the same
Politicians are responsible past and present to blame
No hopes everybody is wandering no place to rest
I am also trying for the dream land and doing my best

Hoping for the bright future ready to bear the best trouble
Saturation of the wife and not experienced life of the daughters
Bright take leave from the parents and gentle bye for the rest
I am also trying for the dream land and doing my best.

Mythology Marriage

Helen was beautiful and Draupati too
Achillies's ankle and Duryodhan's waist
Greed for more land to rule
Fighting was great and just a fool

Troy destroyed as the fort of Pandavs at night
Archillies fought as a vengeance of his nephew
So did Karna for his friend Duryodhan
Similiar were the plots and plan

Iliad was written in about 8th century
And mahabharat was before a century
Neither ship to travel not Internet to share
The similarities persist everthing is clear

Many died for the kings
The death bell still rings
The epitomes of politics
Read separately don't mix!

Waiting for a joint fly

Not knowing how I feel about you
Not understanding why I said so
You are getting stubborn day-by-day
I am not making your wish a toy play

You have the responsibilities and I have too
We are fulfilling them since we met
But you are not understanding it
I am trying my best to be your fit

Your work is more tiresome than mine
This is the culture that gave you the work
As every good man make his trick
I am trying my best for this to break

Long ago ulmighty made this tie
We want to keep even after we die
I have never made a lie
Waiting for the day for a joint fly.

I Love U

I love you as the temple loves the God
I love you as the church loves the the Christ
But you know it has been so so difficult
To prove that I have made no fault.

I love you as the ocean love the fishes
I love you as the sky loves the stars
But you know it has been so so difficult
To prove that I haven't made any insult.

I love you as the house loves its domicile
I love you as the forest loves its trees
But you know it has been so so difficult
To prove that I haven't expected wrong result.

You are my god illuming my temple
You are my Christ enlighteing my church
You are my fish roaming in my ocean
You are my stars twinking in my sky.

Please believe me
I have the body of temple
Cross of the church
Heart like the ocean and
Love like the sky.

My dear wife Laxmi come to my house
Grow like a tall tree in my forest
Give me beautiful flowers and sweet fruits too
Rubbing music of your leaves and the song of "I love U".

Some Statistical Tests

Paired Sample T Test

• The Paired Samples T Test procedure compares the means of two variables for a single group. It computes the differences between values of the two variables for each case and tests whether the average differs from 0.
• For administering Paired Samples T Test both the variables should be normally distributed. We can check for normal distribution with Q-Q Plot from Graph menu of the SPSS window.
• The SPSS shows a number of results such as descriptive statistics including mean, satandard deviation and the pair; correlation between the variables including the significance value; and the result of the T Test.
• The Paired Samples T Test is based on the difference between the two variables. Under 'Paired Differences' we see the descriptive statistics for the difference between the two variables.
• To the right of the paired difference we see the T, degrees of freedom, and significance.
• If the T value is 0.601, the degree of freedom 39 and significance 0.552 then we have to conclude that there is no significance difference between the two variables.
• The rule is that if the significance value is less than 0.05, there is a significance difference, and if the value is greater than 0.o5, then we have to conclude that there is no significance difference.

One Way ANOVA

• The One Way ANOVA compares the mean of one or more groups based on the one independent variable (factor)
• While using this statistical tool, move all the dependent variables into the box labeled 'Dependent List' and move the independent variable into the box labelled 'Factor'.
• Click on the botton labelled 'options; and check of the boxes for Descriptive and Homogeneity of the Variance.
• Click 'post hoc' botton, if there are equal number of cases in each group choose 'Tukey' if there are not equal numbers of cases in each group, choose 'Bonferroni'.
• The dependent variables should be normally distributed with a Q-Q plot.
• The between groups estimate of variance forms the numerator of the F ratio. The second row corresponds to the within groups estimate of variance (the estimate of error). The within groups estimate of variance forms the denominator of the F ration
• When the significance value is less than 0.05, then we have to reject the Null Hypothesis since the F value is not statistically significant.
• There are two degrees of freedom. The first one is calculated as a-1 where 'a' refers to number of variables. The second degree of freedom is calculated as a(n-1) where 'n' refers to number of cases to be observed.

Pearson Correlation

• The Pearson R Correlation tells us the magnitude and direction of the association between two variables that are on an interval or ratio scale.
• Both variables should be normally distributed.
• SPSS creates a correlation matrix of the two variables. It gives three pieces of information: the correlation coefficient, the significance, and the number of cases (N).
• The correlation coefficient is a number between +1 and -1. This numbers tells us about the magnitude and direction of the association between two variables.
• The magnitude is the strength of the correlation. +1 indicates the strongest positive correlation whereas -1 indicates the strongest negative correlation. If the correlation is 'zero' or very close to it, it shows that there is no correlation between the variables.
• If the correlation is positive, the two variables have positive relationship (as one increases, the other also increases). If the correlation is negative then it shows that the variables have inverse relationships.

Feedback

There are different factors that affect second language learning. Some of them are age, critical period, motivation, exposure, procedure, etc. Among them feedback is taken as an important factor so far as behaviouristic theory of language learning.
Feed back refers to any information which provides a report on the result of behaviour, commments or information that learners receive on the success of a learning task, either from the teacehr or from other learners.
Reinforcement in Stimulus-Response theory refers to a stimulus which follows the occurance of a response and affects the probability of that response occuring or not occuring again.
Reinforcement which increases the likelihood of response is known as positive reinforcement and reinforcement that decreases likelihood of a response is known as negative reinforcement.
So, it seems that reinforcement is a bit specialized term than feedback.
In the case of second langauge learning feedback plays a vital role.On the one hand it praises and encourages learners to produce correct utterances, and discourages them from making mistakes on the othe hand.
Positive or negative, both of types of feedback help learners to learn better. Positive feedback strenthens the learned linguistic behaviour whereas negative feedback avoids undesired behaviours.
Students expect positive feedback from their teachers.
It is not necessary to give feedback in the case of first language learning because they recieve in one or all of the following ways:

• Parental reward
• Trial and error
• Correct forms provided by adults
• Analogy and generalization

ANOVA

Reference: http://home.ubalt.edu/ntsbarsh/stat-data/Topics.htm

• According to Field (2006), ANOVA refers to a family of statistical procedures that use F-test to test the overall fit of a linear model to the observed data. The result of F-test is an overall test whether group means differ accross levels of the categorical independent variable(s).
• "Simply, if there is one independent variable then the ANOVA is called a one-way ANOVA. If two independent variables have been manipulated in the the research, then a two-way ANOVA could be used to anayse the data." (Field, 2006)

Reference:
Foster, Kelly N., and Leah Melani Christian. " F-Test." Encyclopedia of Survey Research Methods.2008. SAGE Publications. 4 Mar. 2009. http://sage-ereference.com/survey/Article_n197.html.

• Foster and Christian (2008) writes, the F test is frequently associated with analysis of variance (ANOVA) and is most commonly used to test the null hypotheis that the means of normally distributed groups are equal.
• The F test was devised as an extension to the Z-test. Although the F test produces the same information as the Z test, when testing one independent variable with a nondirectional hypothesis, the F test has a distinct advantage over the Z test because multiple independent groups can easily be compared.
• The F test compares the observed value to the critical value of F. If the observed value of F (which is derived by dividing the mean squared error) is larger than the critical vlaue of F (obtained using the F distribution tabel) then the ralationship is deemed statistically significant and the null hypothesis is rejected.
• According to Foster and Christian (2008), there are two types of degree of freedom associated with the F test. The first is derived by subtrcting 1 from the numebr of independent variables and the second by subtracting the number of independent variables from the total number of cases. In output tables from software packages such as SPSS, SAS, and STATA the F value is listed with the degree of freedom and a P value. If the P value is less than the alpha valuechose (e.g. P<.05) then the relationship is statistically significant and the null hypotheis is rejected.